Activity, Motor Control & Coordination
Pain - Thermal Allodynia / Hyperalgesia
Pain - Spontaneous Pain - Postural Deficit
Pain - Mechanical Allodynia / Hyperalgesia
Anxiety & Depression Disorder
Learning/Memory - Attention - Addiction
Physiology & Respiratory Research
Metabolism - Food & Drink Intake
Pain
Metabolism
Motor control
Neurodegeneration
Cross-disciplinary subjects
Muscular system
General activity
Mood Disorders
Other disorders
Joints
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Sensory system
Authors
Majumder A, Singh M, Behera J, Theilen NT, George AK, Tyagi N, Metreveli N, Tyagi SC.
Lab
Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, United States.
Journal
American Journal of Physiology Cell Physiology
Abstract
Although hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) occurs due to the deficiency in cystathionine-_-synthase (CBS) causing skeletal muscle dysfunction, it is still unclear whether this effect is mediated through oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress or both. Nevertheless, there is no treatment option available to improve HHcy-mediated muscle injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an anti-oxidant compound and patients with CBS mutation do not produce H2S. In this study, we hypothesized that H2S mitigates HHcy-induced redox imbalance/ER-stress during skeletal muscle atrophy via JNK-phosphorylation. We used CBS+/- mice to study HHcy-mediated muscle atrophy and treated them with sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor). Proteins and mRNAs were examined by Western blots and qPCR. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were also measured. Muscle mass and strength were studied via fatigue-susceptibility test. Our data revealed that HHcy was detrimental to skeletal mass, particularly gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles weights. We noticed that oxidative-stress were reversed by NaHS in Hcy-treated C2C12 cells. Interestingly, ER-stress markers (GRP78, ATF6, pIRE1_, and pJNK) were elevated in-vivo and in-vitro, and NaHS mitigated these effects. Additionally, we observed that JNK-phosphorylation was upregulated in C2C12 after Hcy treatment, but NaHS could not reduce this effect. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-_ were higher in plasma from CBS+/- as compared to wild-type mice. FOXO1-mediated Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 upregulation were attenuated by NaHS. Functional studies revealed that NaHS administration improved muscle fatigability in CBS+/- mice. In conclusion, our work provides evidence that NaHS is beneficial in mitigating HHcy-mediated skeletal injury incited by oxidative/ER-stress responses.
BIOSEB Instruments Used:
Grip strength test (BIO-GS3)
